Common steel materials and their characteristics in machinin
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1. 45 - high quality carbon structural steel, the most commonly used medium carbon tempered steel
Main features: the most commonly used medium carbon quenched and tempered steel has good comprehensive mechanical properties, low hardenability, and easy to crack during water quenching. Small parts should be treated by tempering, and large parts should be treated by normalizing. Application example: mainly used for manufacturing high strength moving parts, such as turbine impeller, compressor piston. Shaft, gear, rack, worm, etc. Pay attention to preheating before welding and stress relief annealing after welding.
2. Q235A (A3 steel) - the most commonly used carbon structural steel
Main features: high plasticity, toughness and weldability, cold stamping performance, as well as certain strength and good cold bending performance. Application examples: widely used in general requirements of parts and welding structures. Such as tie rod, connecting rod, pin, shaft, screw, nut, ferrule, bracket, frame, building structure, bridge, etc.
3. 40Cr -- one of the most widely used steels, which belongs to alloy structural steel
Main features: After quenching and tempering, it has good comprehensive mechanical properties, low temperature impact toughness and low notch sensitivity, good hardenability, high fatigue strength can be obtained when oil cooling, and parts with complex shape are easy to crack when water cooling, medium plasticity in cold bending, good machinability after tempering or tempering, but poor weldability, easy to crack, preheating to 100-150 ℃ before welding, general It can also be used for carbonitriding and high frequency surface quenching. Application example: used in manufacturing after quenching and tempering Speed and medium load parts, such as machine gear, shaft, worm, spline shaft, thimble sleeve, etc., are used to make high hardness and wear-resistant parts, such as gear, shaft, spindle, crankshaft, mandrel, sleeve, pin, connecting rod, screw nut, air inlet valve, etc., after quenching and medium temperature tempering, they are used to make heavy load and medium speed impact parts, such as oil pump rotating After quenching and low-temperature tempering, the sub, slide block, gear, main shaft and lantern ring are used to manufacture heavy load, low impact and wear-resistant parts, such as worm, main shaft, shaft and lantern ring, etc. after carbonitriding, the transmission parts with large size and high low-temperature impact toughness, such as shaft and gear, etc. are manufactured.
4. HT150 - Grey Cast Iron
Application examples: gear box, machine bed, box, hydraulic cylinder, pump body, valve body, flywheel, cylinder head, pulley, bearing cover, etc.
5. 35 - common materials of various standard parts and fasteners
Main features: proper strength, good plasticity, high cold plasticity, acceptable weldability. It can be upsetting and drawing in cold state. Examples of application after normalizing or tempering due to low hardenability: suitable for manufacturing small section parts and parts that can bear large load, such as crankshaft, lever, connecting rod, shackle, etc., various standard parts and fasteners.
6. 65Mn -- commonly used spring steel
Application examples: various flat and round springs, cushion springs and spring springs of small size can also be made into spring rings, valve springs, clutch springs, brake springs, cold coil coil springs, circlips, etc.
7. 0Cr18Ni9 - the most commonly used stainless steel (US steel 304, Japan steel SUS304)
Characteristics and application: as stainless heat-resistant steel, it is widely used, such as food equipment, general chemical equipment, and original equipment for energy industry.
8. Cr12 - common cold work die steel (US steel D3, Japan steel skd1)
Characteristics and application: Cr12 Steel is a widely used cold work die steel, which belongs to the type of high carbon and high chromium ledeburite steel. The steel has good hardenability and wear resistance; the carbon content of Cr12 Steel is as high as 2.3%, so the impact toughness is poor, it is easy to crack, and it is easy to form uneven eutectic carbide; because of its good wear resistance, Cr12 Steel is mostly used to manufacture cold stamping dies, punches, blanking dies, cold upsetting dies, cold extrusion dies with low impact load and high wear resistance , drill sleeve, gauge, drawing die, stamping die, thread rolling plate, drawing die and cold pressing die for powder metallurgy, etc.
9. DC53 -- commonly used cold working die steel imported from Japan
Characteristics and application: high strength and toughness cold working die steel, steel grade of Datong special steel (plant) factory, Japan. After high temperature tempering, it has high hardness, high toughness and good wire cutting performance. For precision cold stamping die, drawing die, thread rolling die, cold stamping die, punch, etc
10. Dccr12mov - wear resistant chromium steel
Compared with Cr12 Steel, domestic steel has lower carbon content and more Mo and V are added. The uneven carbide is improved. Mo can reduce carbide segregation and improve hardenability, and V can refine grains and increase toughness. This steel has high hardenability. The cross section can be fully hardenable below 400mm, and it can still maintain good hardness and wear resistance at 300 ~ 400 ℃, and it has higher toughness than Cr12, and the volume change during quenching is small, It also has high wear resistance and good comprehensive mechanical properties. Therefore, it can be used to manufacture various kinds of dies with large cross section, complex shape and great impact, such as ordinary drawing die, punching die, blanking die, trimming die, rolling die, drawing die, cold extrusion die, cold cutting cutter, circular saw, standard tool, measuring tool, etc.
11. SKD11 - ductile chromium steel
In the production of Hitachi plant in Japan, the cast structure of the steel is improved and the grains are refined. Compared with Cr12MoV, the toughness and wear resistance are improved, and the service life of the die is prolonged
12. D2 - high carbon and high chromium cold work steel
Made in USA. high hardenability, hardenability, wear resistance, high temperature oxidation resistance